Business Schools Need to Focus on Unlearning

Image courtesy of  iosphere / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Image courtesy of iosphere / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

This post first appeared at Forbes.com

After consuming $200,000 worth of business education in Wharton’s undergraduate program and MIT Sloan’s MBA program, I found a new mantra: Unlearn it all.   Each year, thousands of MBAs funnel through institutes like Wharton, MIT Sloan, and Harvard Business School ready to storm the corporate boardrooms .…. Yet, these MBAs are trained to focus on what they learn rather than how or why they learn. I believe the most important thing business leaders can do is reflect on their learning processes to unlearn the old patterns that stand in the way of authentic leadership.  

I research and consult on generational gaps in today’s companies and I believe this gap also exists in business schools. MBAs are being taught by adults who have lived in a different era of business. Some of these adults are now at the cutting edge of the future such as in places like Stanford’s Design School or the MIT Media Lab, while others are leaving students with memorization techniques. Most of the time: there is not a real dialogue across generations. It’s a transfer of “old” data, that doesn’t relate or apply in the same way to today’s future.

This is because business schools often stick with a more familiar terrain. In order to meet the new conversation about leadership, business schools must view the classroom as not the place where content is delivered, but rather as the place where the content is analyzed and discussed.  Business schools must learn to value process over programs, questions over answers, and influence over control.

There are obviously some business basics to be delivered in business school. Yet, as I watch more and more of my colleagues from MIT Sloan and Wharton, the most successful have bucked the norm of traditional business. They are joining new small organizations or building their own. So let’s teach the basics in business school, and then lets teach how to unlearn when we need to.

What does it mean to unlearn?  Unlearning is not exactly letting go of our knowledge or perceptions, but rather stepping outside our perceptions to stand apart from our world views and open up new lenses to interpret and learn about the world.

For example, a challenge in business school environments is that the same standardized core curriculum is prescribed for every student. These curricula—packed with classes like operations, accounting, statistics, and management– fail to account for students’ individual needs. While we need to have learning of business education before we have unlearning, we must understand the underlying theories we make about finance and economics in these courses to see what applies today. Unlearning occurs when we shift our understanding of the assumptions we use when learning theories in business schools. We must continue to adapt our own theories about how to operate and work together rather than hold defined truths in the workplace that may no longer apply.

This was particularly true for me entering the world of entrepreneurship when I worked on an agricultural business venture targeted to India during my first year at MIT Sloan back in 2009. My business education training made me risk-averse and structure-obsessed — both of which were assets in my prior banking career, but detriments in my startup business in the agriculture space that demanded quick decisions and high productivity.

For example, one of my first entrepreneurial tasks while at MIT Sloan was to build a business plan to raise funding. Our team spent literally days on grant proposals and the fundraising plan outlining the market opportunity, making it to the MIT 100K competition. We should have been focused on prototyping the concept, but instead kept focusing on correcting typos and inserting new paragraphs in our proposal. While the business plan seemed perfect to me, it was all for show and later that month I realized we had wasted time that we could have spent prototyping the product rather than writing a fancy plan. If I had unlearned my habits of perfection, I may have been able to drive greater success in this endeavor.

Luckily there is some support for unlearning in business school settings, but it is still the exception rather than the norm.  “When we unlearn, we generate anew rather than reformulate the same old stuff,” writes Indian School of Business Professor Prasad Kaipa on his blog. “Creativity and innovation bubble up during the process of unlearning.” Professor Kaipa emphasizes that creativity is facilitated when we suspend judgment from our past ways of working.

We need to embrace ambiguity and uncertainty more in business school. So I’m calling on business school deans, faculty, administration, and students to start the process of unlearning. In order to prepare the next generation of leaders, how about we design courses on new age communities? How do we build content (like The Huffington Post) converse (like Facebook) and curate in business (like Pinterest)? How about we understand culture and co-create (like Thread less) compete ( like Zynga) and buy (like Groupon)? How about we focus on who is my constituency rather than customer since we know that the best businesses build like movements now?

So, how can MBAs unlearn?  Unlearning takes a fundamentally different kind of awareness and attention than a statistics exam. We need to begin to map time and spaces for students to explore our narratives, histories, failures and successes. Perhaps the business school of the future isn’t so much about technical knowledge but rather about educating ourselves on the process of learning. To build a new generation of innovative business leaders, unlearning curriculum is a business imperative.

Welcome to the 21st century

‘Nuff said.

Get motivated to work

 

 

 

 

 

 

There is a lot of conversation about whether work motivation comes from extrinsic or intrinsic rewards. Most research has shown that extrinsic rewards (i.e, pay for performance) distorts results, whereas intrinsic rewards enhance performance.

I believe it goes back to how your work itself is organized. When work is designed well, you get more motivation and much higher quality because individuals care about work, and it generates commitment. There are certain conditions that must be met to create these conditions: Work must have meaning; avoid the classic assembly line problem, you are not just a cog in the wheel. One must experience responsibility: the choices you make have something to do with the outcome. There must be a clear bigger picture: you have some knowledge of how it all relates to a larger change in the world.

When designing work, there are five key ways to design motivational work (thanks to Harvard researcher Richard Hackman)

Task identity: when work is completed, it’s clear what your contribution was. Nothing is worse than working all day and thinking “What did I even accomplish?!”

Skill variety: It’s not same old, same old repetitive work. Engaging lots of different skills = fantastic.

Task significance: the work makes a difference in some way. You see the connection between what you’re doing and the difference you’re making.

Autonomy: This doesn’t mean that you always get to do what you want. It means you get a domain of choice about how you’re doing your work.

Feedback: This helps you SEE the difference that your work is making.

So here’s an exercise for you: rank how you currently design a work project from 1-5 in each of these categories. Where do you need improvement? What’s blocking you from doing your best work? Find out and address it. And share with us what your greatest work design challenge is in the comments here and I’ll help you refine it.

Celebrate more

 

 

 

 

 

Organizations should be doing three things: meeting, acting, and celebrating. But, we tend to spend 60% of our time meeting (frequently in useless, counterproductive meetings where everyone doodles and avoids eye contact), 35% acting, and only 5% celebrating. What a pity!

Celebration is not just about fun, its about meaning, it’s about how you process what you experience. A funeral can be a celebration of one someone’s life. A team dinner can be a celebration of a successful project. Even if you suffered a loss or challenge on a project, you make emotional sense and meaning making through celebrations. It’s also not about reaffirming the ego for a job well done, it’s about honoring values.

On the flipside, sometimes success leads us not to celebrate. Success brings with it a whole new set of challenges, distracting us from focusing on what we accomplished, and why, as we become anxious about why may lie ahead and what others expect us to accomplish.

In my career coaching with clients, one process I use is to ask them what are the top 5 accomplishments that they are most proud of (not what their parents or friends are proud of). What is interesting is that many of these accomplishments are rarely celebrated and spoken about. Instead, many young leaders tend to harp on their weaknesses and focus on them to become mediocre at a bunch of things rather than excellent at a few. Focus on your superpower and celebrate it! And when you don’t succeed, celebrate your learnings. We constantly meet and act and without celebration, we stay stuck in routine rather than rejuvenating our energy. So take time for team dinners, mid-week cookie runs or after-work happy hours. You’ve worked hard – take pride in what you do!

Stop Comparing

It’s not worth your time. Yes, you know what I mean. Ever sit and feel like you are not as good as [fill in the blank]? Ever feel like you ‘should’ do more? Here’s some news: We live in a world of leaders, stop comparing yourself.

Each person has their gifts, and their gifts shine in different ways and at different times.  When you compare yourself to others, you don’t win, you hurt your own brightness and stop focusing on developing your strengths.

This rings especially true in today’s world of experts and entrepreneurs. “The truth is that we don’t help each other and move our industry forward,” says Brendon Burchard in The Millionaire Messenger. If you are an expert, well, can others be experts as well? And how do you compare yourselves to them? Our system isn’t set up to help people share their own voices, rather it is set up to fear one another and hold our information so close because it could be ‘copied.’

There is room for everyone and comparison just drains our creative potential. We should not worry because as long as our focus remains on our talents, we will be able to successfully make them our own.  While life may seem like a treadmill where we always want more, just relax and own yourself, and I promise you’ll be a happier and satisfied leader.

So instead of comparing, give. Give to the world in new ways. Give more help to a friend. Give to a social cause or your business. Give lots more to the world and you’ll SHINE. Because that’s what we really need AND it will end up serving you.

Who is going to play your music if you don’t play yourself?

I recently met Michael Jones, a famous pianist and leadership educator who has spent a lifetime at the intersection of music and leadership. He told a story from years ago of a stranger who came up to him and said: who is going to play your music if you don’t play yourself? It was at a time when he was planning a more traditional life as an organizational consultant. This single question re-directed his lifetime career as a pianist.

Whether we are social activists, business leaders, writers, entrepreneurs, consultants, each of us has our own music. The challenge is society gives us immediate rewards to tell someone else’s story, not our own.

I recently was honored to be interviewed by No Country for Young Women  on my work in next generation leadership for companies and individuals. What resonated with readers most was my sense that young leaders need to stop idolizing certain power players like Sheryl Sandberg or Oprah and putting them on a pedestal. Rather we need to do our OWN unique work in the world. As Nilofer Merchant said to me, “Until we own our onlyness, we can never own the agency to create change / innovate.”

For each of us, we were put in this world to do our own work. The beauty is that sometimes unexpected life experiences, such as a question from a stranger, leave us with the real question. The key to showing our gifts is our own aliveness, to feel most engaged into what we are doing. It’s when we feel, this is who I am, this is why I am here. Living life is about the sense of aliveness. When we are most alive, we are most in our gift. The analytical world promotes how we do it, and what we choose to do needs to come from a deeper intuition. When we are following our own aliveness, what guides us is a thread more than a plan.

So, who is going to play your music if you don’t play it yourself?

To start playing, here’s an exercise for you from the Domino Project: When did you feel most alive recently? Where were you? What did you smell? What sights and sounds did you experience? Capture that moment on paper and recall that feeling. Then, when it’s time to create something, read your own words to reclaim a sense of being to motivate you to complete a task at hand.

Stop networking and build real relationships

When we network with individuals to get a new job or business deal, we often ask: what sector have you worked in? What was your rank / title? What skills to do you have to offer based on your prior experience? All of this thinking is based on past patterns, and influenced by systems that encourage each of us to take a certain type of “role”. Getting a business card or becoming a Linkedin contact does not build trust or a real relationship.

Its all simply because we often do not ask the right questions when we network. We don’t tap into what the other person really wants to do, when you let go of and fade out the way our system encourages us to network for Facebook friends and business cards rather than to build trust. What about asking: When have you had your greatest accomplishments and why? What does success look like for you? What work environments do you thrive in? What type of people do you want to be around? Why did you choose certain roles? What challenges did you face? What do your challenges call you to do now?

There is a complete shift in thinking when we ask different questions. Many MBA students talk to me about how networking provides the ground to meet a lot of people, yet networking does not delve to the core with someone else, nor does it inspire. It may be conducive to getting a referral and it will rarely get you a commitment. In order to build relationships, we need ask difficult questions, and be willing to truly listen.

So the next time you are networking, while you may have a specific goal in mind let the relationship drive what the partnership might stand for. Explore one another’s interests first, instead of telling someone what you want and letting them decide if they want to join up.

No regrets. Let’s write and dance.

© Neiromobile | Dreamstime Stock Photos & Stock Free Images

© Neiromobile | Dreamstime Stock Photos & Stock Free Images

Do you know the #1 regret women have when I speak to them? Not WRITING or DANCING enough. Boo. I'm going to help here.

In life, there are some things you can do without: the blind date, the cool outfit, the A on a school assignment.

But other things if never attempted may leave you unhappy. These are those real things, that make you shine and come alive.

I know. I used to ignore them. For much of my 20s, I was trying to "do it all” and lived someone else's idea of success, not my own.

It was when I took time off to dance and to write that my dots started to connect. I began to write about what I cared about rather than what I thought I should say. Within just a few months, I began submitting my work and getting published more often, in places like Levo League, The Huffington Post and Forbes. While I’ve always been a longtime dancer, I began daily Bollywood and African dance rituals to get my day started, becoming even sharper in my work on Gen Y leadership, all leading me to speak at Davos this year. In short, I began to own my life rather than letting it own me. And I have never had this much fun or felt nearly as creative and productive as I feel now.

If you want to own your writing and creative process, join Lex Schroeder and I for Ideas that Move: Ground Your Voice and Energize Your Work. This 3 day weekend retreat merges writing and movement practices in Hartland, Vermont (2.5 hours from Boston) on April 19-22.

During this Friday-Sunday extravaganza, you will tap into your own energy to write, claim your writing voice, and step into a new creative flow. Beyond serving as a chance to make real headway on your work, this retreat is an opportunity to move, laugh, and let loose among new friends –that means Bollywood Zumba, results-oriented writing exercises, meditation, and yummy organic food! Read full description here and register by March 25.

Fellowship structures need to change

Let’s start with the definition of the word fellowship according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

fel·low·ship n.

1.a. The condition of sharing similar interests, ideals, or experiences, as by reason of profession, religion, or nationality. b. The companionship of individuals in a congenial atmosphere and on equal terms.

2. A close association of friends or equals sharing similar interests.

3. Friendship; comradeship.

4.a. The financial grant made to a fellow in a college or university.b. The status of having been awarded such a grant. c. A foundation established for the awarding of such a grant

There are large-scale myths that surround how people think about themselves and their work when applying to fellowships. Most major award structures are set up to reward individuals. Some of the most famous fellowships: MacArthur Genius Grant Winner, Rhodes scholars, and  TED fellows all award one single person. Most of the time, these individuals were not alone in their ground-breaking work. They teamed up with many others along the way, partnering and collaborating to come up with great ideas. The word fellowship embodies this comradeship, yet the awards structure ends up creating a individualistic view of accomplishments.

In the workplace, company’s evaluation and promotion practices encourage an assumption that employee’s time is dedicated to a company. Yet time is not infinite, it is scarce and shared across employees.

What if there were more fellowships that really promoted and incentivized team building? How do we change the award system and build the awareness that we need help and to acknowledge others? What if this shift could promote the collaborative leadership to design the most important work of our time?

Get over being perfect

As I sat on my computer trying to write my blog post for today, I kept blanking and freezing, avoiding getting started because I thought it wouldn’t be good enough. Then I realized I had my whole orientation wrong and needed to stop trying to be perfect. It’s about getting better every day. I seek to dream, innovate, and develop world-changing ideas. So I need to do what I am most fearful to do and live my experiments out day by day. That’s how we improve: in small daily increments.

And of course, I may fail at times. Each failure will become a laboratory for the next lesson. When I hit failure, I can analyze what went wrong, figure out the next option and go back to the field.

For every Steve Jobs, there are hundreds or thousands that fail in the tech industry. Same case with politicians or musicians that never receive the training they needed. What we haven’t looked at is all the people who failed and weren’t born with Michael Jordan’s physical genius. They have learned to keep trying and adapting with new lessons for the future.

So what we need in next generation leadership is to tolerate failure, to tolerate despair, and to tolerate life. Get over being perfect, it’s about getting better everyday.